Blog #10 Week 2/21-29 (revised due date)
How were government policies in western and central Europe impacted by mass politics during the period 1871-1914? Be sure to give specific examples of countries and governments. (Remember to respond to the question in 6-8 sentences (yes it can be longer) and to respond to two of your classmates answers in 4-6 sentences. Do not just agree or disagree without defending or justifying your argument.) Think above and beyond the common answers that you may see. Be sure to challenge your classmates with controversial tactics, actions or selections. Good Luck!!!! Go Mustangs!!!
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In Britain the mass politics had a major role in reforming government policies. The Second Reform Act was passed in 1867. Lord Russell’s Liberal ministry introduced a Reform Bill as well as in the House of Commons. Gladstone brought about the Ballot Act and the education act which the government had full responsibility for opening elementary schools. Democracy brought about organized mass political parties. Politicians could now advocate their programs from the government.
In France the government responded to the Dreyfus affair brought about quarrelling. The Congress of the Second International debated the issue of opportunism as well.
France: Napoleon III modified his policy and concluded a free-trade treaty with Britain, relaxed pre laws, and permitted labor unions. The Pair Commune administered the Paris as separate from France. The Third Republic adopted a law: The Senate was chosen indirectly, and a president was elected by the two legislative houses
Germany: In the Northern German Confederation, a legislature consisted of two houses the Bundesrat which was composed of members appointed by government. The Reichstag was chosen by the male suffrage.
Austria-Hungary: A Dual Monarchy was formed and established a Reichstrat which was appointed by the emperor. In Hungary, the political loyalty was based on nationality.
Prompt: How were government policies in western and central Europe impacted by mass politics during the period 1871-1914?
First of all, some of the characteristics of the age of mass politics during 1871-1914 were that the working class was having more chances to speak up through unions and political parties, many governments started to move toward the social legislation, and that Universal male suffrage was very common. England and France became increasingly patriotic and antiliberal. And in the Eastern part of Europe, nationalism served as a factor that kind of divided the people up with different cultures and ethnicities.
France:
On March 28, 1871, the Paris Commune was established. It was a form of government that was elected by the Parisians. Most of the participants were the radicals and socialists. Because the Commune desired for an independent nation, they tried to assist Paris to separate from France. However, at the end, the National Assembly suppressed the Paris commune. And Again, France was backed to the republican government, which was usually known as the Third Republic. The 3rd Republic consisted of two houses, the House of Bourbon and the House of Orleans. The National Assembly couldn’t decide whether if they should choose Bourbon or an Orlean to be the king. They didn’t know what to do, so they elected MacMahon to be the president. But then the Assembly decided that they should reorganize their whole political system, so now they have a legislature that consisted of a Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. This new system went into effect in 1875. Two years later MacMahon resigned because of all the quarrels he was having with the Chamber of Deputies.
Germany:
During the age of mass politics, Germany’s foreign and military affairs were mostly regulated by the emperor and the chancellor. Most of the politics of Germany was controlled by the Northern German Confederation. The leader of NGC was the King of Prussia. It consisted of two houses, the Bundescrat and the Reichstag.
I am not sure if I’ m doing this right… so I’ll just stop right here for now.
Can someone explain to me what “The Age of Mass Politics” is? Is it just a period of time that had a lot of politics going on? Thank you for helping=)
Many changes had taken place in Europe by the government. The Reform League, led by John Bright, was anxious for the parliament to take action when issues with the working class right to vote occurred. After the reform bill proposed by Lord Russell had been defeated by antidemocratic liberals, the conservative ministry led by Benjamin Disraeli had introduced its own reform bill in the year of 1867. After debates took place, Benjamin Disraeli acknowledged one amendment after another. This resulted in increasing the number of voters from 1,430,000 to 2,470,000.
The Education Act of 1870 by Gladstone led the British government to take full responsibility of the elementary schools. The government became involved in providing a home for the working class when the Artisan Dwelling Act of 1875 was introduced.
In France the Second International had been developed in order to try and unify the many national as well as socialist parties and trade unions. Congress had disapproved the idea of opportunism and insisted that the French socialists should form a single party.
In Germany, the Social Democratic Party had wanted workers to take part in German politics. Ferdinand Lasalle was among those that wanted workers to take part in politics and Marxists Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel opposed reformist politics but joined the party. Then the Social Democratic Party had been split into two sides; one for those that supported reform and another for those that supported revolution.
im assuming mass politics had something to do with a move toward democracy or modern government in europe. so...
um in western europe i guess mass politics affected them b/c of all the modern thinking that was happening. and then the fact that the suffrage movements and all were occuring, it effected france which was already having issues.
central europe, people were already experiencing nationalist thinking so when the mass politics movement started, unification seemed right.
i agree with daisy in that Most of the politics of Germany was controlled by the Northern German Confederation which hinted a reason to unify? and i think megha should know that male suffrage is not a group (suffrage is a right to vote). other than that i completely agree with her standpoints.
The government policies in the west was impacted by the mass politics by the reform acts passed. for example the reform legue that went on. the followers of this act thought that the prosperity and social respectially.
Um..wait..Jordan, I thought the Northern Germany Confederation was formed after their unification??
My responses:
Daisy; i agree with you completely. For example, the characteristics of mass politics in France, the Paris Commune was a form of government that was established by the Parsians.
Niha: I agree with you in the mass politics influenced he government by the Education Act of 1870 in which the gov. was in charge of elementary schools.
Mass politics influenced european goverments dramatically. In western Europe there were many acts and reforms that took place. For example megah said the reform act of 1867.....which gave the urban working class parliamentary rights. Also in 1867 Britain moved towards a democratic goverment.
In germany the SDP(social democratic party) was one of the most important institutions of imperial Germany and it supported marxism. The SDP wanted all workers to be more involved in politcs. Later some who were against this made the SDP split into revolutionists or reformers
I agree with megah because the reform act was a great influence over Britain's mass politics. It helped the working class and the goverment itself to move onto a democratic system.
I also agree with niha and the SDP. The SDP was one of Germany's big governmental pieces. It helped workers to keep on a political mindset.
the emergence of mass politics started with themes like universal suffrage and political parties - socialists/ Fabians. therefore many reforms or changes were made in many european countries. Great Britain had the Reform Bill of 1867 and 1884 which basically addressed universal male suffrage. In Germany, anti-socialist laws were passed and welfare state policies began, and in france parisians created the paris commune.
megha-
we pretty much said the same thing on Britain so- yes. i agree with you. but i just want to say that gladstone and disraeli were rivals so the reforms they passed were possibly done out of competition
and daisy, i think your right on the northern german unification..and what's opportunism?
Sri lankan: I agree with him when he says there were many acts and reforms that took place during the age of mass politics. I think these reforms took place due to the rise of different radical groups and forms of government, such as the fabianism, and the Paris Commune. I also agree with him that Britain was moving toward democracy. An example that depicted that was the Reform Bill of 1876, which extended the male vote the head of the household.
Jordan: I disagree with Jordan when he stated that since most of the politics of Germany was controlled by the NGC, it hinted a reason to unify Germany. I disagree with that because the NGC was actually a “confederation” that was formed after the German unification. And the NGC was formed under the Prussian leadership.
Anu:
From I have read in the book, I am guessing opportunism is the opportunity for the socialists to participate in the cabinet position.
Mass politics affected many regions of Europe, but with some in France and England. In France there were modified policies instated by Napolean III for free-trade unions with England. There was also the Pair Commune which was mostly manifested the ideas of socialists, but was put away by the National Assembly later on down the road.
In England, reforms were being made even though it had been considered an ideal form of government, compared to all the others in Europe. The Second Reforms Act of 1867 instituted new mandates and rights. There was also less limitations on voting for the men of England, but women were still robbed of this right. There was also the emergance of new political parties brought out by Democracy.
I agree with Megha. The Mass Politics in England did have a major role in reforming the government. Although, some of the alterations to the government were minor, some of them, such as the right for the working class to vote.
I also agree with Sri Lankan. England had been seen to be moving very close to a dmocratic form of government after the 2nd Reform Act. This act gave rights to the lower and working class, and not only allowing the rich and powerful to vote.
During 1871-1914, western and central europe was dramtically impacted by mass politics. These happened mostly in 3 major countries. These countries were Britain, France, and Germany. In Britain, the public standard of life and stuff was getting better. The education act helped educate more children with elementary schools and the such, & new political parties were made.
In France, the Dreyfus affair had still left the country somewhat in a bad position. The government was made kind of like the U.S's today, with 2 houses and a president chosen by both of them. Also, Napolean III, the ruler @ the time, made free treaty possible with Britain, and he got rid oflots of old useless laws and stuff.
Germany, the same government system and France was developed.
Megha, I agree with you completely. But, it would have been nicer if you could go into more detail about some things. Such as, the reform actof 1867. Exactly what did it reform? THe public conditions, the government system, what?
Athma, i agree with you when you talk about the SDP and how they wanted all of the workers to be more involved in politics, but thats not completely true. Some people weren't allowed to vote, such as the really lower class, and of course women were not. And im pretty sure that you had to be a native German. Right? Maybe itsjust trivial things.
its 11:30 here so now im going to go to sleep. gnight pplz
In 1871-1914 a lot of socialist movements had been taken place. Politicians and parties in national parliaments represented the people more responsibly as increased suffrage spread.
Mass Politics, like Sri Lankan said had influenced European governments dramatically. Welfare emerged, first in Germany, then France. Government were led by conservatives who manipulated nationalism to create a sense of unity.
In Germany modern social security laws were established. The Social Democratic Party, represented the working class and the trade unions and supported Marxism.
France, Napoleon III's empire collapsed. The Paris Commune gained more power.
My Responses:
I agree with selene when she stated that politicians and parties in national parliament respresented people more responsibly. For example the Education Act.
I also agree with Daisy when she mentioned the Chamber of Deputies. The chamber of deputies was an important factor because it was the legislative assembly of france.
the mass politics in the period of 1871-1914 effected the government policies in western and central europe.
in france there was a growth of democracy. the male population was able to vote for the president of the second republic. when riots broke out because of conflicts between the government and socialist and radical workers the constituent assembly suppressed th riots and established a single-chambered legislative assmebly and a strong president. Napoeleon III improved the general prosperity of france.
in germany they established a north german confederation after the failure of the german confederation. the 21 states of germany were under the control of a prussian king, two-house legislature, the Reichstag (lower house) to represent all the people and who was elected by universal male suffrage and the Bundersrat who was to represent the princes.
overall the age of mass politics had affected the government policies in a positive way people felt more united, there was universal male suufrage, and the governments worked to detain underlying class conflicts.
I personally believe that mass politics played a major role in reforming government policies. Such as Britain's Second Reform Act of 1867 and the Paris Commune in France which was established. In Germany the SDP wanted to make workers get into politics.
I agree with Selene on her stating that the SDP did in fact represent workers in Germany and established trade unions. Prime example of mass politics impacting Western Europe.
Also, I agree with David Kim. The Dreyfus affair did infact leave France in a bad position.
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