Absolutism and Constitutionalism Power Point Ch. 13 Click Title
This is the section where you can post review items or questions to your classmates. It is optional but highly recommended that you participate in this outside of the classroom review board. It will give you first hand insight on what will be on the M/C test in our class.
This is the section where you can post review items or questions to your classmates. It is optional but highly recommended that you participate in this outside of the classroom review board. It will give you first hand insight on what will be on the M/C test in our class.
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Test Clue #1:
How is Thomas Hobbes different than other theorist who believed in Absolutism?
One policy Peter the Great used to make Russia a great power was to
(A) decrease the tax burden on his poorer subjects
(B) build a new capital where his nobles and merchants were obliged to settle
(C) abolish serfdom
(D) encourage national pride by urging his subjects to retain traditional dress and
customs
(E) introduce military conscription for all adult males
Thomas Hobbes believed that human beings were materialistic, and lived a mechanical lifestyle, in the sense that their purpose was to carry out the daily necessities in life. He believed that humans would always have a desire for power, because it was in their nature. For this reason, a strong political authority was needed to keep the nation in order. Another person who believed in absolutism was Bishop Bossuet, who supported the idea with religious evidence. Hobbes differed from Aristotle and thinkers like Aquinas because they thought human beings were sociable. Hobbes, on the other hand, believed they were selfish. In Hobbes' opinion, rulers should possess absolute power, and that citiizens should enter a political contract that made them ultimately obey their ruler.
Give me one more difference between Hobbes and bousset/bodin?
Next some of the factors that led to the downfall of Spain's Golden Age.
How was Louis XIV a great example of absolutism?
One policy peter the great used to make russia a great power was to...
I believe its letter D. peter the great made his nobles in the council shave their beards off to be more modernized and not old aged.
a difference between hobbes and bossuet was that Hobbes thought no man can secure their own power because there will always be that person trying to be greater than him and challenging him. Also hobbes though if a man possess power he should be able to do anything he wants with it. In contrast Boussuet believed that a ruler should not abuse his power.
Louis XIV had control over his nobles. He was able to get rid of them by sending them to live in the Versalies. The nobles ended up depending on the king for their rank in society. Louis ruled through councils that controlled his foreign affairs,and army. Louis was able to secure his borders. Louis was able to make his own income to support his army without the nobles.
I dont remember reading anything about spain in this chapter....?
One policy Peter the Great used to make Russia a great power was to
(B) build a new capital where his nobles and merchants were obliged to settle
I'd like to ad that while Hobbes didn't favor "divine right", Bousset was a principle advocate of it.
Correct answer for Peter the Great question is B-built new capital where his nobles and merchants were obliged to settle.
Spain as discussed during Philip II just because they are not specifically in the chapter does not mean that a country is not part of a time period. Refer to your notes and/or hand-outs given. You were given one that has Spain Rise/Fall on one-side and The Dutch on the other side. While we are on that topic...
How was the Dutch golden age different than Spain's Golden Age?
How were individuals like Cardinal Richilieu and Jean Baptiste Colbert important for their leaders (King)?
Wow, with a test in a week and a big debate on Monday, no one has asked or posted a question about the differences of Absolutism and Constitutionalism....
How was Constitutionalism different in England from the Netherlands?
Which Eastern European Monarch had the greatest impact on his or her nation/territory? (opinion and why?)
What is the significance of the Table of Ranks?
What is the significance of the Petition of Rights? What are some of its major provisions?
The Hohenzollerns of Prussia between the reigns of Frederick William, the Great Elector, and Frederick the Great are best
known for
a. unifying the fractured German lands into a stronger Prussian state.
b. Destroying the financial stability of the Prussian economy.
c. Weakening the Prussian tradition of a strong military.
d. Abolishing the graduated income tax in Prussia.
e. Granting the local provinces greater autonomy.
Which of the following is true of Philip II of Spain’s reign?
a. he resolved the economic problems in Spain.
b. He implemented reforms tolerating religious diversity.
c. His military attacks ended Turkish control of the Mediterranean.
d. He successfully ended the independence movement in the Low Countries.
e. He avoided conflict with England.
Mercantilism characteristics
the Fronde's impact on Louis XIV
Richelieu's policies
Cardinal Mazarin's role in France
Dutch Republic (political system)
17th Century Economic power(s)
Leopold I (Austria) leadership and accomplishments
17th Century Spanish decline
Eastern Absolutism vs. W. Absolutism (significnat differences)
Early Russia (the Ivan's reign)
Louis XIV's biggest domestic threat and foreign threat
Rembrandt & Jan Vanmeer (Dutch Style art)
Glorious Revolution causes/effects
Cromwell's rise to power and reign
English Civil war
for frederick the great elector i believe its A
he stepped in and unified the ruins after the 30 years war and built a standing army.
"Next some of the factors that led to the downfall of Spain's Golden Age."
Downfalls of Spain's Golden Age includes the results of the War of Spanish Succession, the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the Treaty of Utrecht, the lost of trade, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the lost of the Netherlands. The War of Spanish Succession had occured when there was opposition to Charles II giving his crown to Philip of Anjou. Since Philip was Louis's grandson, it meant that France would have more power if the crown was given to him. The Treaty of the Pyrenees had been forced on Spain by the French. It had ended the war between the countries, and resulted in creating an official boundary between France and Spain, which weaked the power of Spain. The Treaty of Utrecht gave Philip the crown, which meant that France had a hand in the Spanish monarcy. In addition, Spain's trade had fallen to France. When the Spanish armada was defeated by the English, they had never been able to recover from their defeat, which had encouraged Protestant resistance. Lastly, there was the lost of the Netherlands. The Netherlands had been a wealthy possession of Spain, so when the Netherlands emerged as a nation after revolting, Spain lost much wealth.
"How was the Dutch golden age different than Spain's Golden Age?"
Spain's Golden Age involved a monarchy, while the Dutch were more of a republic. The Dutch had no central ruler, and in fact, they distrusted their rulers. They believed more in independence and elected their stadtholders. Also, the Dutch made 4their wealth through banking and trade. Spain believed in the idea of bullionism. Spain was a religiously united nation, due to the Spanish Inquisition. The Dutch, however, were more religious tolerant, and welcomed religious refugees.
"How were individuals like Cardinal Richilieu and Jean Baptiste Colbert important for their leaders (King)?"
Cardinal Richilieu had laid the foundation for absolutism in France. He introduced the intendant system, which weaked the nobility. By weakening the nobility, the king was able to have more power over the people. He also further developed mercantilism by increasing taxation to fund military. If the military had funds, Louis XIV would be able to go out and pay for wars against other nations in his goals to secure boundaries. As for Jean Baptiste Colbert, he also supported mercantilism. He believed that gold and silver was limited, and because of that, it should be mined and stolen. Because of Colbert's economic knowledge, the king was able to raise and maintain a large and powerful army.
"How was Constitutionalism different in England from the Netherlands?"
The Netherlands was a republic, and each of the seven provinces had a considerable amount of authority. Their central government would have to negotiate with the provinces before exercising authority. As for England, the Parliament was intended to keep the power of the monarch in check, but it was shown that they were not always successful in their task. While the Netherlands were only briefly a monarchy under William III of Orange, England experienced various rulers who tried to impose absolutism and dissolve the parliament.
"Which Eastern European Monarch had the greatest impact on his or her nation/territory? (opinion and why?)"
I think Peter the Great had the most impact on his nation. He was able to discourage rebellion by executing and humiliating the boyars and strelsy. Theboyars were the old nobility, and the strelsy were the guards of the Moscow garrison. In addition, Peter the Great was able to increase Russian military power and build a navy on the Baltic Sea that went to war with the Ottomans. In the Great Northern War, Peter the Great took control of Estonia, Livonia, and parts of Finland. His trips to Western Europe has inspired him to modernize and westernize Russia. He also founded the new captial city in St. Petersburg, and in the new capitial, the architecture was similar to the Versailles in France. By moving the captial, Russia had more of a hold on its position on the Baltic coast.
"What is the significance of the Table of Ranks?"
The Table of Ranks made a person's social position and privileges more important than their lineage. It was a major administrative reform, and its main intention was to draw the nobility into state service. Boyars, the old nobility, were now more encouraged to serve the state instead of just being rewarded and acknowledge because of their relatives.
"What is the significance of the Petition of Rights? What are some of its major provisions?"
The Petition of Rights was made by Parliament, and stated that Charles I could only be given the funds he desired if he agreed that parliament had to approve of all taxations and loans. In addition, it said that a freeman could not be put into prison without a reason, and troops could not be billeted in private homes. It is significant because it represented a time when parliament was able to take back some of the power it had lost to the monarchy. However, although Charles I had agreed to this, he ended up dissolving the Parliament.
I'm unsure about these answers.
The Hohenzollerns of Prussia between the reigns of Frederick William, the Great Elector, and Frederick the Great are best known for
a. unifying the fractured German lands into a stronger Prussian state.
"The person who began to forge these areas into a modern state was Frederick William [...]" pg. 441
- - - - - -
Which of the following is true of Philip II of Spain’s reign?
c. His military attacks ended Turkish control of the Mediterranean.
"For the moment, however, the Mediterranean belonged to Spain, [...]" pg. 399
Mercantilism characteristics
- There was limited amounts of gold and silver, so to obtain the metals, it can be mined or stolen.
- There should be a balance of trade. Exports should be maximized while imports should be minimized.
- For this method to work, manufactured needed to be promoted, wages should be kept low, and imported goods should be kept out.
- It was believed that manufacturing aided the state's peace and security, and mercantilism promoted internal improvement and broke down feudal economic hindrances.
the Fronde's impact on Louis XIV
- Convinced Louis XIV that heavy handed policies endangered the throne.
- He would continue to believe in absolute authority, but make this idea more subtle than those before him.
- Made him decide that he would have to assure the nobles and other social groups of their social standing and influence on a local level.
- Worked through existing local social and political institutions instead of destroying them.
Richelieu's policies
- Limited many of the political privileges Henry IV had extended to the Huguenots in the Edict of Nantes
- Intendant System: weaked nobility
- Peace of Alais: took away the fortified cities that belonged to the Huguenot and Protestants
- Increased taxation to fund the military.
Cardinal Mazarin's role in France
- Laid the groundwork for absolutism.
- Tried to impose direct royal administration on France.
Dutch Republic (political system)
- Republicism
- elected stadtholders
- Distrusted Ruler
- Each province had a considerable amount of authority.
- Central government had to negotiate with provinces.
- Temporarily a monarchy after faced with military challenges.
17th Century Economic power(s)
- The Netherlands: people lived in cities, the Dutch drained and reclaimed land from the sea, steady supplies of cheap grain, profitable dairy products, cultivated cash products, fisherman dominated market, Dutch East Indies Company displaced Portuguese dominance.
- France: made money by attracting noble's wealth with Versailles, Colbert's policies allowed Louis XIV to afford a powerful and large army.
Leopold I (Austria) leadership and accomplishments
- Resisted the advances of the Ottoman empire into central Europe
- Acchieved Ottoman recognition of his sovereignty over Hungary
- Extended terriotorial holdings over much of the Balkan Peninsula and western Romania.
17th Century Spanish decline
I explained this in my previous answer.
- War of Spanish Succession
- Treaty of Pyrenees
- Treaty of Utrecht
- lost of trade to France
- Spanish Armada
- lost of Netherlands
Eastern Absolutism vs. W. Absolutism (significnat differences)
- Eastern: serfdom still existed, less advance technology, religiously tolerant, nobles involved in military, used fear to pacify nobility.
- Western: serfdom ended, more advanced technology, more cities (urban), bribed nobility, religious conformity, Fronde, propaganda.
- Same: a lot of money went to the military, securing borders was a goal, similar architecture, dealt with revolts, national army, increased revenue.
Early Russia (the Ivan's reign)
- "The reign of Ivan IV [...] had commenced well but ended badly. About midway in his reign he underwent a personality change that led him to move from a program of sensible reform of law, government, and the army toward violent personal tyranny." pg. 443
- The economy was troubled.
- Michael Romanov was elected in hopes of ending the uncertainy during the "Times of Trouble."
Louis XIV's biggest domestic threat and foreign threat
- Louis XIV worried about the nobility, and had to find a way to make them allow for his absolutist ideas to take action without letting them acknowledge that it had. The Fronde had made him decide that he needed to find a way to satisfy them while imposing his own ideas. Some methods he used to resolve this problem was bribing the nobility. Also, there were the protestants who opposed his goals to unite the people of France religiously. Because of his revocation of the Edict of Nantes, a quarter million people left France.
- I think the biggest foreign threat was Spain, during the War of Spanish Succession. As the war was going on, France had not been financially adequate, and the army had been poorly equipped. These uncertainties made it more difficult to defeat them. Fortunately, Spain's success was also declining at this point.
Rembrandt & Jan Vanmeer (Dutch Style art)
- Rembrandt: "Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild", "The Night Watch", recorded the contemporary life of the Netherlands during its golden age, baroque style, use of light and darkness, restrained works due to being Protestant
- Jan Vanmeer: "A Young Woman with a Water Jug"
Glorious Revolution causes/effects
- Cause: James II repeals Test Act, puts Catholics in powerful positions, issues another Declaration of Indulgence permitting religious freedom; parliament afraid of Catholic heir to the throne so they invite William of Orange to invade England
- Effects: William and Mary succeed to the throne, England becomes a limited monarchy and permits worship of all Protestants but not Catholics, the Bill of Rights: guraenteed civil liberties of English privilege classes and monarchies would be subject to law.
Cromwell's rise to power and reign
- led parliamentary army
- executed Charles I after parliament wins civil war
- ran military dictatorship which brutally conquered Catholic countries (Scotland and Ireland)
- prohibited drunkeness, theatre going, and dancing
- Pride's Purge: removal of non-Puritans from Parliament
English Civil war
-Parliament was divided over religious.
- Cavaliers (king) vs. Roundheads (parliament)
- Cavaliers: House of Lords, North and West England, aristrocracy, large landowners, church officials, more rural, less prosperous.
- Roundheads: House of Commons, South and East England, Puritans, merchants, townspeople, more urban, more prosperous.
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