Mercantilism Document Activity
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1) What is Colbert doing in the first paragraph of his Memorandum?
2) Colbert’s goal was to better the financial and political situation of France. What were his three main steps to accomplish that goal?
3) Why did Colbert exempt raw materials from import duties?
4) What role did subsidies play in Colbert’s plans?
5) According to Colbert, what are the three advantages to building up France’s fleet?
6) Colbert’s main idea is that the economy and trade are too important to leave to the people. What does he mean by this and why does he think it?
7) How does Louis’s letter reinforce Colbert’s financial policies?
8) What are some of the rules the Charter sets forth for traders? Why are these important?
9) What is the tone of the Charter?
10) In one sentence each, put each of Hornick’s 9 rules in your own words.
11) Which of Hornick’s rules do you feel is the most important? Why?
12) Why are farmers so important to mercantilism?
13) What, in your opinion, is the single most crucial aspect of mercantilism and its success? Why?
14) Was mercantilism a necessary step between feudalism and capitalism? Why or why not?
[1] The United Netherlands was not yet one country; rather, it was a confederation of counties, countries, and kingdoms.
26 comments:
1. Colbert is trying to convince Louis XIV to start trading with France again. If King Louis XIV doesn't start trading with France again, the economy for France can fall. He even adds the fact that the Dutch trading will weaken if they trade with France again.
2)Colbert’s 3 steps to improve the economy was to make Louis XIV’s resolution known by all of the Council of Commerce meeting in the presence of King Louis XIV. He also publicized by the circular letters to spread it.
To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the reinstatement of manufactures.The last one is to keep an eye on all import and export jobs and to exempt raw materials and domestic manufactures.
3)Colbert did not want imports to outnumber the amount they are exporting because the more you export, the more profit you will gain. The more you import, the smaller the profit would be.
4.Subsides, were like bribery. It was used to entice merchants into exporting more goods. It is used often by Colbert.
5.Colbert’s 3 plans in improving France’s navy were to create a lot more ships to export objects out. This would overtake the Dutch in over sea trading and weaken them. The next one is that because the fleet would be so big, other countries, even the Dutch, would have to trade with them. This allowed France to gain power. The last one is that France can take over key sea-trade routes that can profit a lot of money for France. It also boosts France's power.
6. Colbert believes that trading is a delicate subject for the common people to handle. He believed that if he lets the common people handle economical issues, they would drag France down. He also believed that trading is essential to a healthy country.
7. )Louis XIV agrees with Colbert's philosophy. He declares that France will work on foreign commerce. The results came as a council. This council is loyal and is always on the subject about economics for France.
8. The rules the Charter provides for merchants were that we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers; that we will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones ; that we are giving orders to all our ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, our allies, to make, in our name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
That we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce; . .
These rules help a lot for the merchants. It targeted them. It sort of "pampered" them. "we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there" It means that they are backed up by the law.
9)The tone that the Charter had was a informative type of tone. This is because of the choice of words the Charter used. Words like, be it known and therefore, gives the Charter a more universal and informative type of tone. This way, the creators of the Charter would not give a tone that would provoke the traders which they are limiting their privileges to.
10)1. Make sure to listen to everyone’s opinion and to not leave even one unheard.
2. All materials including industrial products should be considered and balanced to equal each other in price.
3. The need for materials will grow, so you must keep an eye on the common people to keep them high in spirits.
4. Gold and silver that were found in mines would not lose its price, but cannot be used to strengthen the countries power.
5. The common people should enjoy the fruit of their labor, and to avoid foreign objects such as spices.
6. If you need foreign objects it should be bought by trading domestic products, instead of gold and silver.
7. Foreign objects should be half completed then finished in the country itself so the buyer can earn it.
8. Opportunities should be found to sell goods and it should be developed in every way
9. Friendships with foreigners should be not allowed, even if they are your friends, relatives etc.
11) I feel that the first one is the most important because if the common people feel that they are being ignored, they ill revolt and cause unnecessary problems for the country. It could lead to internal disunity and expose the weaknesses in the country. This could lead to big conflicts with other countries. All in all, I believe listening to the common people is the most important rule.
12)The farmers are the ones that create the goods that are being shipped off to other countries. Without them, the country could not be self supported, which can lead to the fall of mercantilism.
13) I think the most crucial aspect of mercantilism is the belief of exporting more than importing. This is the big picture to gaining profit for the country. If you ship more exported goods, the more profit you gain. The more imports you get, the more money you will have to spend on the system. This will cause a reduction in profit.
14. Yes, because if mercantilism never was inputted to the countries system, they would have less funds to change the country itself to capitalism. This can be beneficial because they can research technology, or improve city life.
1)Colbert in the first paragraph of his memorandum is trying to convince Louis XIV to reestablish trade in France. If he doesn’t the future of France will not prosper. He also explains the plans and strategies of how to reestablish the trade in France, he also mentions by strengthening the trade of France it will weaken the Dutch trade.
2) Colbert’s 3 steps to improve the economy of France were:
To make Louis XIV’s resolution known to all by a decree of the Council of Commerce meeting in the presence of His Majesty, publicized by circular letters.
To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.
To examine all import and export duties, and exempt raw materials and [domestic] manufactures
3) Colbert exempted raw materials from import duties because it is better to export raw materials rather than import. Exporting will give you more profit therefore making France’s economic status to rise.
4) Subsides, which is a sum of money given to the merchants, in Colbert’s plan played a role of incentive, and a reward. It was used to promote merchants to become more active in trading.
5) Colbert’s 3 advantages in improving France’s fleets are:
-Create more ships to create more trades and again weakening the Dutch trade
-Improving fleets to get more goods will result in the Dutch paying the French for their imported goods.
-Can take control of main rivers and tax foreign ships
6) Colbert means that trade and economy are vital for a stable country, it is also vital for a country that wants to prosper. Trade and economy is to significant to leave to the common people. He believes this because he thinks the common people are unqualified to handle such a delicate subject, and will drive the economy down.
7) Louis reinforces Colbert’s financial ideas by declaring that France will work on reestablishing foreign and domestic commerce. Also they will develop a council totally devoted in improve, and maintain the commerce of France.
8) -That we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers;
-That we will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones ;
-That we are giving orders to all our ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, our allies, to make, in our name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
-That we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce; . . .
-That all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or who build new ones, for traffic or commerce shall receive from us subsidies for each ton of merchandise which they export or import on the said voyages.
These rules are important because it protects the merchants and helps them trade more efficient.
9) The tone that the Charter was an announcement informing people. The reason you can sense it is informing is the words that was used in the Charter. The charter was said in a way so the creators of the Charter would not sound like they are implying that they are trying to provoke the traders which they are limiting their privileges to.
10)
-The common people should enjoy the fruit of their labor, and to avoid foreign objects such as spices.
-The need for materials will grow, so you must keep an eye on the common people to keep them high in spirits.
-Opportunities should be found to sell goods and it should be developed in every way -Make sure to listen to everyone’s opinion and to not leave even one unheard.
-Gold and silver that were found in mines would not lose its price, but cannot be used to strengthen the countries power.
- If you need foreign objects it should be bought by trading domestic products, instead of gold and silver.
-All materials including industrial products should be considered and balanced to equal each other in price.
-Foreign objects should be half completed then finished in the country itself so the buyer can earn it.
-Friendships with foreigners should be not allowed, even if they are your friends, relatives etc.
11) The most important rule of Hornick’s rules is the first one because if the common people feel that they are being mistreated it will therefore lead to revolting and civil wars amongst the country. And those types of conflicts will show weakness internally, leading on other countries to invade.
12) Farmers are important to merchantilsm because the farmers are the ones that create the food for the society, and trade. Without them, the country would fall, causing starvation, revolts for food and the decline in mercantilism
13) My opinion of the single most crucial aspect of mercantilism is the of exporting supplies more than importing supplies. This philosophy images that the country will prosper more and be gaining more profit.
14) Yes, both feudalism and capitalism were important stepping stones in developing mercantilism. Because if mercantilism never happened, then the country would have less money to convert to capitalism. Due to mercantilism profits in trade will rise causing an excess amount of money to spend of things of science, ships, warfare, food, build more cities, etc.
1. In the first paragraph of Memorandum Colbert is trying to convince Louis XIV to re-establish trade. As in the document " On the Financial Disorders in France" by Colbert, he expresses the financial decline of that in France and in Memorandum tries to propose the importance of re-establishing trade in order to prosper more economically again.
2. Colbert's steps towards his goal of a better France politically and financially was
to make it publicized to everyone the firm solution of Louis XIV. To play close attention to the import and exports and finnaly to bring back the laws of the country in order to re-establish the manufacuturers of the country.
3. He exempted raw materials from import duties because importing costed more money than to export and exporting goods increased the profit more than to import.
4.The role that subsidies played in Colbert's plan is that they would increase the countries and merchants desire to trade based on the big contributions of money that would be given to them.
5. According to Colbert the three advantages to building up France's fleet was
-international trade through french ports where they export more with the french to increase their income
- trade by sea which includes building more ships to export more goods
- foreign trade which has them trade directly with foreign countries rather than trade with the dutch who got their goods from the foreign countries already
6. Since Colbert thinks that trade is important for a finacially stable country he says it should be through the King's effort and his goodness of his love for his people that the economic trade should not be left to the people because they don't have the capability to handle something like that.
7.Louis's letter reinforces Colbert's policies by stating that he wants to inform people about their new restablishment of commerce and having the House of Commerce as a proper place for merchants.
8.Some of the rules set forward for traders is that trade with areas in the West-Indies and Africa not be carried out anymore than by the merchants and permanent residents of the country. Its important because it will help create wealth in their country by establishing a proper charter to trade with these countries.
9. The tone of The Charter is very forewarning. In it its warning the merchants and traders about new rules that they must follow by surrounding the trade.
10.
- take good care of the soil within the country and use it to see if its best apadapted to be grown in the country
-The use of manufacturing goods that are already in their natural state exceeds how much it would take for everday people in the country to manufacture it themselves
-Population will be greatly needed to carry out the first two rules and their opinion and help should be welcomed greatly for the success
- Gold and silver should not be used as a way to gain power within a country or increase its wealth
- People should be devoted to their own products in order to gain wealth instead of relying on foregin products
-Purchases from foreign countries shouldn't be exchanged for gold and silver for for something more beneficial
- Anything from a foreign country must come in a way that allows the country to finish the job
- People should always be looking for an opportunity to gain wealth off of the manufactured goods produced by the country
- Having a friendship with a foreigner weakens once your own weakness and desire for wealth gets in the way
11.I think the most important rule of Hornick's is that of number nine. That at this time having a friendship with someone your trading with won't do you any good because yourself and your own wealth will come before your guy's friendsip.
12. Farmer's are so important to mercantilism because they are the ones mostly creating the products that are required for trade. Without them the people wouldn't have anything to trade with foreigners.
13.What i think is the most single most crucial aspect of mercantilism is that the country doesn't get too caught up in importing things from other places. Since exporting is what creates wealth mostly for the country i think its important that the people focus on that the most.
14.I think mercantilism was a necessary step towards capitalism and feudalism because mercantilism helped create a step in producing manufactured goods and then creating a wealth off of it. Without mercantilism profits were able to increase concerning trade and countries benefited for the best off of it.
1. Basically Colbert is persuading King Louis XIV to reestablish trade in France. Colbert feels there are only positive outcomes in doing so. Like lessening Dutch income from trade and weakening their trading militia.
2. Colbert’s 3 steps to a French economy:
To make Louis XIV’s resolution known to all by a decree of the Council of Commerce meeting in the presence of His Majesty, publicized by circular letters.
To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.
To examine all import and export duties, and exempt raw materials and [domestic] manufactures.
3. Colbert only wanted the number of exports to exceed that of imports; capitalism. The more exports = more money, more imports = less money.
4. Subsides are basically means of bribery. Colbert used this strategy to persuade merchants to export more goods.
5. Colbert's 3 advantages to the French Navy:
-create mass amounts of ships and increase the number of exports.
- have other countries trade with France, out of force, including the Netherlands.
-French control of key sea trade routes. -> increasing their power.
6. Colbert believes trade is the key to an increase to a financially strong government and empire. He also thought that common people were not worthy enough to control trade. If they did, it would drag the economy into a downward spiral, and the country would be in major debt and ruins.
7. Louis XIV advocates and supports Colbert's theory. He insists on creating a council which will maintain and better the French commerce.
8. Rules for traders, by The Charter:
-They will work constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers;
-That they will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones;
-That they will give orders to all ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, their allies, to make, in their name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
-That they will comfortably lodge at their court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce; . . .
-That all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or who build new ones, for traffic or commerce shall receive from us subsidies for each ton of merchandise which they export or import on the said voyages.
The rules supported the merchants and their business. Not only did it provide a sense of protection from an appropriate legal document, but it also gave peace of mind the merchants, making their trade more efficient.
9. The Charter's overall tone was informative and business like. It was to the point and informational all in one. If The Charter did not posses this tone it could easily be undermined by traders.
10. To utilize all natural resources; leaving no place considered for agriculture, grow and sell any and all natural commodities of the land, with an increase of material comes an increase of laborers; keep them attentive and happy to work by listening to their concerns and appeasing them, keep gold and silver in constant circulation because it is so valuable and rare, refrain from buying foreign products, trade items with same values, use every opportunity to sell products, no friendships with foreigners; strictly business.
11. The most important is the third. You should never mistreat your laborers, if you do, it will just cause revolts. It is the poor people picking cotton or tending to fields, not the King or nobles, so if they abuse the civil right of their workers the workers will stop working and the economy will slowly fall and all trade will come to a halt. Then, a recession will begin.
12. Without farmers mercantilism does not exist. They are the laborers of all work and the foundation of the trading empire. (See #11 for more detail)
13. Exporting more products than imported is the most important factor to mercantilism. Doing this keeps the country above or superior to other countries by making more revenue and not spending as much. If they spent what they earned there would be no profit and that would not create a strong government, financially. Also, if they patronize foreigners and their goods they are just supporting other countries to make more money; which is not good because all other trading countries are their enemies.
14. Yes, because if mercantilism did not exist the allotted funds for capitalism would not exist, leaving the country far less prominent and financially subordinate to the rest of Europe.
1) Colbert believes that if Louis will sacrifice some of his leisure time and his wealth, it could very beneficial in helping his country begin trading. He says the advantage will come in the future.
2) To gain respect for Louis, he believed he could do this if Louis would make these small sacrifices.
To rebuild the manufacturing of soaps, cloths, textiles,etc...
He also thought that trading by sea would be very profitable to the economy.
3)He didn't like giving money to the Dutch for these goods so he thought if they could make more of these they could even gain profit by exporting more than they imported.
4)To get more merchants to participate in trade, Colbert offered subsides. These were essentially rewards for exporting goods.
5)He says, "The almost infinite increase in the number of [French] ships will multiply to the same degree the greatness and power of the State" this is a good example of how important he believes the ships are. He also wanted to become the main overseas trader in Europe and to surpass the Dutch, he would have to multiply the supply of ships heavily.
6)He is essentially advocating absolutism with this statement.He shows that the common people of France are too inadequate to run the trade so there should be a separate branch to govern the trade area. He thinks it because of the peoples inability to hold power and he thinks they will drive the economy into the ground.
7) Because he says reinforces the thought shown by Colbert when he says that the welfare of the inhabitants depend principally on the trade and navigation.
8) 1. That we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers;
2. That there has already been expended more than a million livres for the repair of the public highways, to which we shall also devote our constant attention
3. That we will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones
4. hat we are giving orders to all our ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, our allies, to make, in our name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
5. That we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce
6. That all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or who build new ones, for traffic or commerce shall receive from us subsidies for each ton of merchandise which they export or import on the said voyages
1) Colbert is trying to convince Louis XIV to start the trade with France again. He explains that if he doesn't, France will not do well, financially. He also explains the good things that will come out of this.
2) Colbert's three main steps to accomplish his goal were:
-To make Louis's resolution known to all by a decree of all the Council of Commerce meeting in the presence of His Majesty, publicized by circular letters.
-To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.
-To examine all import and export duties, and exempt raw materials and (domestic) manufactures
3) Colbert said that exporting raw materials is better than importing because exporting can get them to have a better profit.
4) Colbert said that all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or build new ones for traffic or commerce can receive a subsidies or a "contribution of money" for each of them ton of merchandise that they export of import on their travels.
5) It can let them have better trading with their ships. They can get more power when they trade with many different countries. Also, he could secure international boundaries for France.
6) I think Colbert means that this it too valuable or necessary for them to handle. Since it was very important, he doesn't want anything bad to happen if he did leave it to the people. If he did, it could ruin the trading with other countries and maybe even fall.
7) He said that they are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers. Also, they will assist by money from their royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones. Another, is they are giving orders to all their ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, and allies to make in their name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving their merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom.
8) That end there shall be erected tone General Company, the which being actually seized be the aforesaid Company, shall be by them kept for their own Benefit, and that no person shall be able to send any ships or goods to the places comprehended in this charter, although that before the date hereof, this Company was not finally incorporated. These are important because trade can be continued according to the conditions and instructions by us already given, or that may be given respecting it.
9) The tone of the Charter is very serious. It is telling the traders the rules and how they are important.
10) 1- To make sure everything is taken care of with sincerity.
2- The products should all be equal
3- People have to be observant of the population and the things going on.
4-That the gold and silver should not increase their power.
5-The people should try to enjoy their luxury and products and to ignore the foreign products.
6- People should get products from the foreigners, first.
7- The valuables should not be all finished and that the country has to finish it to earn the wages there.
8- The opportunities you should get are to be found in every way.
9- You shouldn't have relationships when dealing with the trade.
11) I think the last and first one are very important because the first one lets people speak out on how they feel and the last one because it helps minimize the conflict between trades.
12) The farmers are very important to mercantilism. The farmers are the ones who make the food and products that we ship and trade to other people. It would be hard to get food and financially, we would not be such a big success.
13) I think the trading over seas is crucial because with the ships, we can trade with many countries and have exports and imports which brings much success and profit in mercantilism.
14) Yes. Mercantilism brought much profit to them, which made it possible for the capitalism in the countries.
1. In the first paragraph of Memorandum, Colbert suggests Louis XIV begin trading with France. Colbert also explains to Louis that if he does not trade with France, the French economy will collapse and that if he does reestablish the trade in France, he will gain the respect and love of his people.
2)Colbert had three main steps to improving the French economy.
1. Make Louis XIV’s resolution known to the Council of Commerce and publicize it in letters to spread around France.
2. To bring back regulations in the kingdom on the reinstatement of manufactures.
3. And the last was to regulate all import/export jobs and exempt raw materials and manufactures.
3)He didn't want more imports than exports. According to Colbert, exports created profit while imports decreased profit in France.
4)Subsides made merchants more willing to export goods rather than import. Colbert used subsides to his advantage to accomplish his goal to create more exports than imports.
5) His first plan to improve the french navy was to create more ships to export goods through the sea. Its purpose was to overtake the Dutch's sea trade and weaken their economy instead. The second was that because the vastness of the French's fleet, other countries would be forced to trade with France. The last was to take over important trade routes in the West Indies and all throughout the sea.
6) Colbert believed that trade was too much for the commoners to handle themselves. He believed that if commoners handled the economy, the French economic status would fall.
7)Because Louis XIV agreed with Colbert, he established a council that would meet regularly to focus solely on the French economy and how to improve it for the better.
8. Some of the rules the Charter provided for merchants were,"That we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers; that we will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones ; that we are giving orders to all our ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, our allies, to make, in our name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom; that we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce..."
The rules helped merchants specifically. I believe that they targeted them the same way that Subsides did. They were basically rules that protected, bribed, and presented incentive for them to trade in the seas more often.
9)The tone that the Charter was informative or declarative. It portrayed this tone so that the merchants would feel privileged rather than subjected.
10)1. Always listen to both sides of the story instead of only one.
2. Every price should be equal in all aspects for each and every product.
3. Provide for the common people especially when they need it the most.
4. Gold and silver will not lose their price but they shouldnt be used to strengthen a country's power.
5. Commoners were entitled to enjoy the fruits of their labor.
6. Foreign objects should be bought by domestic trade.
7. Foreign objects should not be completed so the buyer doesn't scam the seller.
8. Opportunities should be found to sell and develop goods.
9. All sales should be strictly professional.
11) I think the last one is the most important since it is still used today and that if it was not, most if not all trades would be corrupted. Official sales in the country would also be hurt if buyers were able to get discounts from their sellers just because they were friends. I think that sales werent something to be taken so nonchalantly and that buyers are expected to provide a suitable amount of money to get what they want.
12)The farmers provided the agricultural goods that were traded to foreign countries. Countries could not be self supported without the influence of farmers.
13)The most important part of mercantilism was Colbert's idea to export more than import. Exporting goods was the best way to create profit without using violent force. It was more important to export than import since it costed more to import goods than export.
14) Yes. Mercantilism was the most contributing factor to providing for a country. Without it, there would be less money and capitalism would have never come to place. Since capitalism was based on the ownership of products and survival of the fittest, it allowed independence within the country and its people while feudalism was basically like having a middle-man between you and your own money.
1) What is Colbert doing in the first paragraph of his Memorandum?
-trying to persuade LOUIS XIV to re-establish trade with France
2) Colbert’s goal was to better the financial and political situation of France. What were his three main steps to accomplish that goal?
-3 steps:
#1: To make LOUIS XIV's resolution known to all by a decree of the Council of Commerce meeting in the presence of LOUIS XIV
#2: To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures
#3: To examine all import and export duties
3) Why did Colbert exempt raw materials from import duties?
-to make more profit; exporting more than importing makes more profit
4) What role did subsides play in Colbert’s plans?
-subsides were used to encourage merchants to trade more
5) According to Colbert, what are the three advantages to building up France’s fleet?
-build more ships to export more goods (make more profit)
-make fleet so large, that other countries had no choice but to trade with them
-have France gain control of main sea trade routes (more power & trade)
6) Colbert’s main idea is that the economy and trade are too important to leave to the people. What does he mean by this and why does he think it?
-he means that trade is too big of a job for unqualified common people to handle. it should be left to someone with knowledge of how to handle and work with economy and trade
7) How does Louis’s letter reinforce Colbert’s financial policies?
-reinforces it by agreeing with Colbert on wanting to establish a council devoted to commerce (sales & purchases)
8) What are some of the rules the Charter sets forth for traders? Why are these important?
-some of the rules include the following:
-abolish the tolls
-devote constant attention to public highways
-assist royal treasury with money
-give orders to all ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, allies, to make, in their name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
-lodge @ their court and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce
-all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or who build new ones, for traffic or commerce shall receive from us subsidies for each ton of merchandise which they export or import on the said voyages.
These rules are important because
supported merchants, and in a way protected them. These rules, when followed, also helped to make trade more efficient and strong
9) What is the tone of the Charter?
-in my opinion, the CHARTER's tone is very forward and informative.
10) In one sentence each, put each of Hornick’s 9 rules in your own words.
1- consider each square inch of land. no piece of land should be left unexperimented with.
2- make use of each natural resource. neglection will not appease the landowners.
3- be attentive the entire population. no one is to be left behind without attention.
4- gold & silver must never be neglected, thrown away, etc. it will never lose value.
5- trade domestic products with foreign products rather than buying them; stay away from spices
6- you should trade items only with other items of equal value
7- half of a product should be completed when sold, and the other half should be completed in the land it is now in
8- the oppurtunity of selling should never stop
9- foreigners are NOT your friends.
(:
9) This letter was very direct and to the point. It showed that Louis and Colbert meant business with their new plan to save the economy.
10)
1. he says that the sacredness of the land should be kept intact and resources shouldn't be used to find gold and silver.
2. The price of all the resources used should eventually balance out.
3. The population of the country should not have to sit idly by, they should help.
4. Gold and Silver should not be saved, rather, they need to be kept in circulation.
5. People should attempt to get all their resources from their own country and not import them from elsewhere.
6. Trades should be made instead of paying in gold and silver.
7. Imported products should be unfinished leaving jobs for the locals.
8. The goods they export should be finished so they can gain jobs.
9. Goods that are found in multitudes in your own country should NEVER be imported.
11) I believe his ninth and last rule is very important because if you are importing goods from other countries that you have at home, you are taking away jobs from your own people which will eventually send the country into a downward spiral.
12) Because of farming, the merchants had something to trade. If it wasn't for them, they would be unable to bring goods that other countries did not already have.
13) The amount of ships is most important because if you don't have ships, you can't travel. Also, the position of your nation plays a large part in mercantilism because the closer to the ocean you are, the easier it is to trade.
14) If it wasn't for mercantilism, the feudal system might have still been around during the 1600s. Mercantilism was a main step in abolishing the feudal system because there was less demand for fields to be worked by peasants and serfs. They received more goods from other countries and were not required to produce as much.
1.Colbert is saying that the government can thrive with a managed economy. The form of mercantilism, more exports going out then imports going in, can establish prosperity to Louis XIV's reign of power.
2)Re-establish manufactures in Louis XIV's kingdom.
To publicize Louis XiV's resolution.
To look into import and export goods
3)Importing duties=more to buy= more spending money.
Exporting=less to buy=less spending money
4) The merchants and traders by sea buy vessels for commerce, received each ton of merchandise.
5) Global trade with french ports. Exported more goods equals more money. Built many ships which increased exports of goods. French was the main trade rhoute in the sea which gave them more power.
6) Economy and trade is essential for a thriving government. He believed the common people were not worthy enough to handle such jobs. He also thought they were not capable to manage this and he thought they would decrease economic prosperity.
7) He will establish a well developed council that will mainly focus on improving France's commerce. He will also reestablish domestic and foreing commerce in France.
8) Natives are not allowed to sail to or from certain lands like the West-indies. Whoever fails to follow the rules will have to give up their ships and goods. charter is important because it will help them gain more wealth and prosperity.
9) What is the tone of the Charter? The charter seems very straight-forward and focused on issuing these rules to the people. The tone seems very serious.
10)Charter rules:
-Experiment with the country's soil with great care to examine its capability, without looking for gold or silver.
-Commodities discovered in a country will be worked up with within the country.
-Hear out people's concerns and ideas and provide knowledge of ars, trade, etc.
-GOld and silver found in the country are not allowed to be buried in chests or destroyed.
-Inhabitants should get along with domestic and foreign products.
-Industrial goods should be balanced out for equality of worth.
-Foreign products should be imported in unfinished form and should be taken care by the country.
-Have every opportunity to sell products to foreigners.
-Don't have compassion or sympathy with foreigners, it will hurt chances of becoming wealthy.
11) the most essentail rule to me is the ninth rule because becoming friendly with a foreigner will hurt the chances of becoming wealthy and prsoperous.
12) farmers are important to trade because they are the ones who make the products for a well developed trade system. mercantilism can not take effect without farmers.
13)the single most important element of mercantilism is the idea of importing less and exporting more. this allows more wealth and prosperity.
14) yes because if mercantilism never existed, then they wouldnt have enough funds to establish capitalism.
11) Which of Hornick’s rules do you feel is the most important? Why?
- i feel that rule #9 is the most important, because if you make friends with the foreigners, you might possibly refrain from showing your full potential in your work; might get distracted
12) Why are farmers so important to mercantilism?
-important because without the farmers, you wouldnt have as many items to sell.
youwouldnt make as much money
13) What, in your opinion, is the single most crucial aspect of mercantilism and its success? Why?
-most crucial aspect: the idea of exporting more than you import.
without this idea, no profit will ever be created, and it would be nearly senseless to trade.
14) Was mercantilism a necessary step between feudalism and capitalism? Why or why not?
-YES because without mercantilism, the country would be in debt. Mercantilism brings in all the money to fund the country for their needs, and without it, the country would be struggling with money issues.
1. In the first paragraph of his Memorandum, Colbert is trying to convince Loius XIV to re-establish trade. Colbert tells the king that if he does not re-establish trade France will not do well. If does re-establish trade the outcome will be positive and help France greatly like weakening the Dutch’s trades and the respect of his people.
2. Colbert’s 3 steps to improve the French economy was:
-To make Louis XIV’s resolution known to all by a decree of the Counsil of Commerce meeting in the presence of His Majesty, publicized by circular letters.
-To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.
-To examine all import and export duties, and exempt raw materials and [domestic] manufactures.
3. Colbert wanted to exempt raw materials from import duties because he didn’t want more imports than exports. he believed that exports would gain more profit than imports.
4. Subsides were used as bribes by Colbert to get more merchants to participate in trade. They were rewards for helping trade.
5. According to Colbert 3 advantages to the French Navy was :
-create mass amounts of ships and increase the number of exports.
- have other countries trade with France, out of force, including the Netherlands.
-French control of key sea trade routes which increased their power.
6. Colbert believes that trade and economy are very important for a country that wants to prosper. Economy and trade should be handled by people with the proper knowledge and not the common people. If common people were to handle trade, the economy would go down.
7. Louis XIV reinforces it by agreeing and supporting Colbert’s theory. He wants to establish a council devoted to Frech commerce and will help better it.
8. Some of the rules of the Charter are:
-Abolish tolls
-devote constant attention to public highways
-assist royal treasury with money
-give orders to all ambassadors or residents at the courts of princes, their allies, to make, in their name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom.
-all the merchants and traders by sea who purchase vessels, or who build new ones, for traffic or commerce shall receive from us subsidies for each ton of merchandise which they export or import on the said voyages.
-will comfortably lodge at their court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce
The Charter is important because it supported the merchants and protected them. It also made their trade more efficient.
9. The tone of the Charter is very informative. It is also straightforward and serious because it tells how important it is for merchants to follow the rules in order to gain profit from trade.
10. Charter rules:
-The land should be kept intact and resources should not be used to find gold and silver. People should also take care of the land.
-The price of all resourses should eventually balance out.
-Hear out people's concerns and ideas and provide knowledge of arts, trade, etc.
-Gold and silver found in the country should not be saved or used to gain profit.
-people should attempt to get along w/ domestic and foreign products.
-imported products should be unfinished and should be taken care of by the locals.
-opportunities should be found to sell goods and it should be developed in every way.
-Friendships with foreigners should not be allowed because it will hurt chances of gaining profits.
11. I think the most important is the third rule. People must hear our people’s concerns and ideas because if they do not, laborers will become angered and not work, which results in less profit gain.
12. The farmers are important to mercantilism. They provided the agricultural goods that were used in trades. It would be hard for countries to get food w/o the farmers.
13. The most important part of mercantilism was how important it was to export rather import. It costed more to import goods than to export which caused profit loss.
14. Yes, merchantilism was a necessary step between feudalism and capitalism. If mercantilism never happened, then the feudal system would have still been around. There was less demand for fields for peasants and serfs to work in. Because of mercantilism they were able to convert to capitalism.
1) What is Colbert doing in the first paragraph of his Memorandum?
He is trying to convince Louis XIV that if he cared about his people, he should start trading and the economy will prosper.
2) Colbert’s goal was to better the financial and political situation of France. What were his three main steps to accomplish that goal?
1.) Publicize the resolution to the Council of Commerce
2.) Examine all of the imports and exports
3.) Spend money on re-establishing manufactures and reward people who purchased of built ships
3) Why did Colbert exempt raw materials from import duties?
Imports were not as profitable as having exports
4) What role did subsidies play in Colbert’s plans?
They influenced people to build or purchase vessels
5) According to Colbert, what are the three advantages to building up France’s fleet?
1.) More overseas trade, more ships
2.) Direct foreign trade
3.) Gaining control of the sea routes
6) Colbert’s main idea is that the economy and trade are too important to leave to the people. What does he mean by this and why does he think it?
The common person was not intelligent enough to handle the duty of raising the economy and trade and if they did, everything will go down hill.
7) How does Louis’s letter reinforce Colbert’s financial policies?
The letter from Louis supports Colbert’s policies and wants to have council to better the economy.
8) What are some of the rules the Charter sets forth for traders? Why are these important?
Rules:
-Abolish all the tolls
-Assist the royal treasury, the ones that want to re-establish the manufactures.
-Give orders to all ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, their allies, to make, in their name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom
-Lodge at their court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there
-Anyone who travels by sea and purchases or builds a vessel will receive subsidies
9) What is the tone of the Charter?
The tone of the Charter was very direct.
10) In one sentence each, put each of Hornick’s 9 rules in your own words.
1.) Experiment with everything under the sun
2.) The prices of the product should be equal
3.) Pay attention to everyone in the population
4.) Leave gold and silver where it is
5.) Enjoy the luxury and don’t use foreign products
6.) Get products from foreigners but not gold or silver
7.) Finishing imported items in the country
8.) Sell in manufactured form
9.) Don’t have any kind of relationship with foreigners
11) Which of Hornick’s rules do you feel is the most important? Why?
I feel that the first rule is the most important because it influences people to discover new things and they will later be able to benefit from it.
12) Why are farmers so important to mercantilism?
Farmers are so important to mercantilism because they are the ones that supply the goods for the people to export.
13) What, in your opinion, is the single most crucial aspect of mercantilism and its success? Why?
I would have to say the overseas trade. The ships made it possible to directly trade with other countries and a way of transportation. It is also a way to export their goods to other countries.
14) Was mercantilism a necessary step between feudalism and capitalism? Why or why not?
Yes, because mercantilism is necessary because it provides the funding and profits and without it, there would not capitalism.
1)Colbert says that Louis XIV should govern the society by mercantilist idea so that even France would do well. He also shows how his memorandum that any practical application is depended on the support of the king.
2) The three main steps that were to accomplish in his goal:
1. the resolution of Louis XIV to known to the Council of Commerce and to even publiciz it into the letters so that it could spread all over France.
2. It was also the revive all of the regulations that were in the kingdom for the re-estabishment of the manufactures.
3. It was to look through all of the export and import duties & to exempt the raw materials and the domestic manufactures.
3)Colbert thought that importing more duties, the people would buy more and they would have more money. Though, on the other hand, the exporting, people would but less and there would be less money. It would be the total opposite.
4)The role that played into his plans were that the subsides had been used been used to take Colbert's advantages to get more exports than imports and it also made the merchants wanting to export the goods.
5) He wanted to build more ships for more export goods and had build many ships. The French were the ones that made them gain more power since they were the ones that traded more in the sea.
6)Colbert thought that the common people were not capable enough to handle these types of jobs and just knew that they would be the ones that would decrease the prosperity.
7) His letter reinforces the policies by wanting to establish a council devoted the sales.There, he also re-established the domestic and foreigning commerce that was brought to France.
8)That nor the Natives or the Inhabitants were allowed to sail to the lands like the West-indies and whoever did not follow the rules would have to give away all their goods along with their ships.This is important because of the fact that it helped them increase more wealth and prosperiy.
9)the tone of the charter seemed to be well just very serious about having to informate the rules.
10)
-First, the soil of the country was inspected with the greatest care and didnt leave the possibilities of the agriculture of the earth is unconsidered.
-Second, all of the commodities were found in a country, which were not to be used in their natural state that wouldbe worked up with the country
-Third, there would be the need of the people once the first two rules were taken out with both for cultivating and producing the raw materials and work them up.
-Fourth, the gold and the silveer were once in the country that were not under any circumstances to have to be taken out in any purpose
-Fifth, the country's inhabitants were to be making every effort so that they could get along with their domestic products and to get their luxury alone
-Sixth,the case of the purchases were indespensible because of the neccessity abouse and wee to be obtained from the foreigers at first hand
-Seventh, the commodities of the foreign that were in this case to be imported in unfinished form
-Eighth, the opportunites that should had been sought in the day and night for the selling of the superflous goods of the country in the manufactured form. as for silver and goldto be at the end.
-Ninth, no importation could have been allowed under any other choices of commidities of which there was sufficient supply of the suitable quality at home except for the important considerations.
11)I think that the most important rule that was brought up was the ninth rule because if there were people to make friends with the foreigners there could be a possiblity that one could get distracted by showing all of the effort being in work.
12) The farmers were defintiltey important to trade because they were the ones that brought all of the products to the whole trade system and there was no way that the mercantilism could not take effect in the system without the farmers.
13) In my opinion, I think that the most important that was taken in mercantilism was when the idea of Colbert was mostly focused on eexporting than in importing which was the best way to make the money without having to fight for it.
14)I think that mercantilism was a step to between the feudalism and the capitalism because if the mercantilism never had existed, then there wouldnt have even been enough money to make the capitalism.
1. in the 1st paragraph of the Memorandum it shows Colbert trying to persuaed Lois XVI into re-establishing the French trade. That it would help France in their economical revenues.
2. To take notice in the export and import duties and bring benefial things in excepting raw materials and domestic factors.
All the regulatioins of the kingdom for the re-establishment factors to be revised.
And to make Louis XIV's regulations as a decree known by the Council of Commerce to be publicized by circular letters.
3.because importing goods doesnt give you a source of income just goods. But, exporting goods will reap and give you a source of income from the product they are selling.
4. To pay or bribe the people that are involved with trade and ship trades to encourage them to export.
5.to make more ships for export trade, make trade agreements with the Dutch republic and to seek and take advantage of trade routes that will give France a good source of income.
6.trade is easy for the people of france to handle and the people and their financial mistakes will bring the France economomy to a decrease.
7.Louis XIV agrees and grants the permission to use his econmical policies that will benifit France's financial system.
8. If all the traders set forth on the rules than the whole trading gruop will be in unison.The rules the Charter provides for merchants were that we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers
9. the charter was in a tone of informantion, techniques yet commands for the traders.
10.
1. put in notice in your agricultural techniques
2.All commidies should be worked up in the country, that could not be used in the natural state.
3. there are required people for workers.
4.The beneficiers of gold and silver.
5.to avoid luxury and use modern materials to save money.
6.For purchases that were indespensable caused by a buse must be traded for other domestic wares.
7.foreign commodies will be imported by unfinished form.
8.take advantage of trading opportunities.
9.no mercy or symapathy for foriegn traders.
11. to avoid luxury to save money. It is not a necessity to be lavished with luxury. sacrificing the luxury would show great pride, respect and honor for France to help them in their economy.
12.Farmers are the source were helps the traders trade their produce. So they have a partake in the French economy.
13.it is the government control over the economy to maxamise the export and import. It is important to have a government to controll trading companies to make sure they recieve a good source of income.
14.yes, beacause having the people partake and control the economy will bring it down. The government will control the economy the right positive way
1)In colbert's memorandum he is informing Louis XIV how important it is to start trading with France again.If Louis XIV doesn't start trade again in France the economy in France will start to decline.
2)Colbert's three steps to improve the economy were to make Louis XIV's resolution known to the council of commerce,publicized by circular letters.To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.And last to revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures and exempt raw materials and domestic manufactures.
3) He exempted raw materials from import duties because importing cost more money than exporting and exporting increases the economy more than importing.
4)The role subsides played in colbert's plan was allowing more exports and imports to increase by giving merchants money.
5)Colbert's three advantages of improving france fleet was:Build more ships,make fleet so big other countries would be forced to trade with them and last be in control of trade sea routes.
6)By this statement colbert is saying that trade is very important to the rising of a country ecomically and people can't handle something as important as trade.
1)In colbert's memorandum he is informing Louis XIV how important it is to start trading with France again.If Louis XIV doesn't start trade again in France the economy in France will start to decline.
2)Colbert's three steps to improve the economy were to make Louis XIV's resolution known to the council of commerce,publicized by circular letters.To revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures.And last to revive all the regulations in the kingdom for the re-establishment of manufactures and exempt raw materials and domestic manufactures.
3) He exempted raw materials from import duties because importing cost more money than exporting and exporting increases the economy more than importing.
4)The role subsides played in colbert's plan was allowing more exports and imports to increase by giving merchants money.
5)Colbert's three advantages of improving france fleet was:Build more ships,make fleet so big other countries would be forced to trade with them and last be in control of trade sea routes.
6)By this statement colbert is saying that trade is very important to the rising of a country ecomically and people can't handle something as important as trade.
7)Louis's letter reinforces colbert's financial policy by agreeing with Colbert
8)some of the rules that the charter sets forth for traders is That we are working constantly to abolish all the tolls which are collected on the navigable rivers; that we will assist by money from our royal treasury all those who wish to reestablish old manufactures or to undertake new ones ; that we are giving orders to all our ambassadors or residents at the courts of the princes, our allies, to make, in our name, all proper efforts to cause justice to be rendered in all cases involving our merchants, and to assure for them entire commercial freedom; that we will comfortably lodge at our court each and every merchant who has business there during all the time that he shall be obliged to remain there, having given orders to the grand marshal of our palace to indicate a proper place for that purpose, which shall be called the House of Commerce..."
9)The tone of the charter is a informative tone.
10)Hornicks nine rules:
1)Take good care of country's soil.And experiment with every new thing found on the soil to better the country.
2)If use of manufactured goods can't be used in it's natural state then find some use for it.
3)there should be enough people to cultivate raw materials and work them up.The entire state should be involved,if not will get peop;e from other countries
4)Gold shouldn't be taken out of country for any reasons or burried.
5)prople in a country should buy products made in their country only.
6)If you need foreign products it should be bought by trading domestic products instead of gold and silver.
7)foreign objects shouldn't be completed in country so the person that made it can earn rewards.
8)goods should be sold any oppurtunity they get.
9)don't have any kind of product relationship with other countries.
11)Hornick's rule that I feel is most important is don't trade with foreign traders because it keeps all the money in the country.
12)farmers are so important to mercantalism because they produce the products that are shipped out to the diffrent countries to earn that country money.
13)The single most crucial aspect of mecantilism is belief of exporting more than importing because country gains more money.
14)yes,it was a necessary step because if mercantilism never occured than the counrty would of never converted into capitilism
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